Federal Register :: Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone off Alaska; Cook Inlet Salmon; Amendment 16

In developing this final rule, NMFS considered the management measures implemented by the BOF and worked to balance competing interests and provide opportunity for all users of salmon throughout Cook Inlet. As noted in the preamble to the proposed rule, amendment 16 defines OY as the average range of target EEZ harvest across all species that maximizes fishing opportunities while preventing which of the following is a type of indirect peer pressure? overfishing on any one stock. As noted in the preamble to the proposed rule (Other Commercial Fishery Management Measures and Prohibitions section), NMFS has determined that there is a need to restrict vessels from fishing in both State and Federal waters during the same calendar day. The Cook Inlet EEZ Area is managed separately from adjacent waters managed by the State.

Peer Pressure in Children

We hear much more about direct peer pressure, as it is easier to detect and recognize as problematic. It sounds like someone telling you to stop worrying, start having fun, and be part of the group by participating in something you don’t feel comfortable with. It may also be a threat, such as, “You can’t hang out with us if you’re not going to drink.”

Examples of Negative Peer Pressure

But even if NMFS were required to show that TACs or VMS requirements were fair and equitable to the drift gillnet fleet when compared to regulations that apply to the only other authorized sector in the EEZ, the recreational sector, it easily meets that burden here. Federal management of the Cook Inlet EEZ Area under amendment 16 achieves National Standard 3 objectives through coordination with the State to the extent practicable before, during, and after each fishing season, as described in the harvest specifications and annual processes section of this preamble. NMFS and the Council will evaluate both where harvest of salmon stocks may be constrained by the presence of stocks of low abundance and where there may be opportunities to harvest additional salmon that would not otherwise be utilized. NMFS will provide data on early EEZ catches to the State to inform run strength forecasts for management of all other upper Cook Inlet salmon fisheries. If vessels could fish in both State and Federal waters on the same calendar day, landings could contain a mix of salmon harvested in both the State and Federal fisheries.

Changes From Proposed to Final Rule

• While some people may experiment with alcohol or drugs once or twice and decide it’s not for them, others who begin using a substance may find it difficult to quit.
• While peer pressure is most frequently used to describe the influence of friends on teenagers, all people can be subject to peer pressure.
• For example, you may feel pressure to do unsafe things that have risks you may not fully know.
• NMFS acknowledges that amendment 16 will create a new fishery in Cook Inlet, which will occur entirely within Federal waters.
• If, however, the spoken influence takes place within a group, the pressure to go along with the group is immense.
• An escapement goal is the number of spawning salmon likely to result in sustainable yields over a broad range of expected conditions.

To facilitate compliance with the VMS requirement, NMFS has provided information on obtaining VMS and opportunities for reimbursement within the small entity compliance guide published with this final rule. Beyond VMS, this final rule does not require other electronic monitoring for vessels commercially fishing for salmon in the Cook Inlet EEZ. Commenters from the drift gillnet fleet emphasized that forecasts will be inaccurate, management objectives will not be met, harvest will be unnecessarily reduced, MSY and OY will not be achieved, and this action will cause adverse economic impacts. It found that while both boys and girls experienced peer pressure, friends’ delinquent behavior influenced girls more than boys. Additionally, girls were more likely to select friends based on shared smoking status.

For example, of the 29% of teens who responded they felt peer pressure to look “good,” girls were more likely than boys to say they feel a lot of pressure to look good (35% vs. 23%). Older teens and young adults may be peer pressured to engage in harmful activities like drinking alcohol, smoking, or reckless driving. At this age, peer pressure has the potential to affect a child’s long-term health and well-being and put them into dangerous situations.

Peer Pressure in Older Teens and Young Adults

• Positive peer pressure, on the other hand, can help prevent substance abuse and addiction.
• We hear much more about direct peer pressure, as it is easier to detect and recognize as problematic.
• (1) Regulations in this part govern commercial fishing for salmon by fishing vessels of the United States in the West Area and commercial and recreational fishing for salmon in the Cook Inlet EEZ Area of the Salmon Management Area.
• NMFS expects that it will develop management expertise and strengthen cooperative relationships with various Agency partners related to management of the Cook Inlet EEZ Area over time.
• This pressure resides in a one-on-one interaction; the one being influenced has more opportunity to confront his or her decision against his or her set of beliefs and values.

Peer pressure occurs when a peer group exerts direct or indirect pressure to do certain actions. The term “peer” often refers to people one knows in real life and who have a similar social status to oneself. For example, television shows can convey to the public an acceptable way to behave, even though the people on TV do not know every individual they are influencing. Although parents worry about the influence of peers, overall, parents also can have a strong influence on whether children succumb to negative peer pressure.

Children and Adolescents

Peer pressure occurs throughout the lifespan, but learning to cope by building self-confidence and surrounding yourself with positive influences may help prevent problems with peer pressure from arising later. Many adults are susceptible to drinking too much because their friends are doing it, or putting work before family because they’re competing with other people in their office for a promotion. Adolescents are particularly vulnerable to peer pressure because they are at a stage of development when they are separating more from their parents’ influence, but have not yet established their own values or understanding about human relationships or the consequences of their behavior. With indirect peer pressure, no one is singling you out, but the environment you’re in may influence you to do something.

Peer pressure is a direct or indirect influence on peers, i.e., members of social groups with similar interests, experiences, or social statuses. Members of a peer group are more likely to influence a person’s beliefs, values, religion and behavior. For the individual affected by peer pressure, this can have both a positive or negative effect on them. Cyber peer pressure is any peer pressure that comes from online influences, such as social media and other peers online.

These requirements impose costs on small entities in gathering the required information and completing the information collections. To create a new tribal fishery within the Cook Inlet EEZ would require an FMP amendment, including further analysis and consideration by NMFS and the Council. NMFS has committed to honor requests for tribal consultation regarding the potential establishment of a tribal fishery in the Cook Inlet EEZ. FMPs are adaptive and the Council may recommend and NMFS may amend the FMP in the future to incorporate feedback from tribes received in upcoming consultations.

Recordkeeping, Reporting, and Other Compliance Requirements

Dealing with peer pressure can be difficult, but below are some ways to help address it. They are also typically striving for social acceptance and are more willing to engage in behaviors against their better judgment in order to be accepted. As educators who accompany them throughout their lives, from preschool age to the completion of undergraduate and graduate studies, teachers definitely have a positive influence on the lives of all students. If a popular friend wants to save money to buy a car, for example, he or she may be influenced by others to look for a job and open a savings account. (iii) The MRA for that specific incidental catch species is the sum of the individual retainable amounts for each basis species.